State immunity

State immunity
principle of law (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	international law (en)

Koyarwa da ka'idojin kariya na kasa sun shafi kariyar da ake ba wa wata jiha daga shigar da kara a kotunan wasu jihohi. Dokokin sun shafi shari’ar da ake yi a kotunan wata jiha, ba na kotunan jihar ba. Dokokin sun samo asali ne a lokacin da ake tunanin cin zarafi ne ga wata kasa don kawo karar ta ko jami'anta a wata kasar waje.

A yanzu ana samun ci gaba a jihohi daban-daban zuwa ga keɓantacce mai yawa ga tsarin rigakafi; musamman ana iya tuhumar wata jiha a lokacin da rikici ya taso daga cinikin kasuwanci da wata jiha ta shiga ko kuma wani “aikin da ba na mulki ba” na wata jiha. Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Kariyar Hukunce-hukuncen Jihohi da Kaddarorinsu, wanda har zuwa shekarar 2015 ba ta fara aiki ba, za ta Kuma sake tsarawa da daidaita ka'idoji da kebantattun su. Ba ya ɗaukar shari'ar laifuka kuma baya ƙyale ayyukan farar hula (misali kuɗi) don cin zarafin ɗan adam akan jami'an jihohi inda aka yi cin zarafi a wata ƙasa.

Lord Atkin (d.1944) ya lura da shi a babbar kotun Burtaniya a shekarar 1938:

Kotunan kasar ba za su hana wani dan kasar waje cikas ba, ma’ana ba za su sanya shi ba tare da son ransa ba a cikin shari’a ko shari’a ta shafi shari’ar da ake yi wa mutumin ko kuma a nemi a karbo masa takamammen kadarori ko diyya. ^[1]

Babban abin da dokar ke nufi shi ne, wata kasa da duk wani mai mulki, sai dai idan ta zabi a yafe mata kariya, ba ta da hurumin kotunan kasashen waje da kuma aiwatar da umarnin kotu. Don haka ana kiyaye kishin doka, bisa ga al'ada tabbatar da duk wani ikon da ake ganin ba zai yiwu ba sai da izinin kasashen waje.

1. ↑ The Cristina [1938] AC 485 at 490